Japan’s cautious return to a nuclear-powered future
By Editorial Board, Published: June 22
JAPAN’S PRIME MINISTER, Yoshihiko Noda, has been sailing into the
political winds lately, bravely pushing a tax increase and the
restarting of the country’s nuclear power stations, idled after last
year’s earthquake and meltdowns at the Fukushima Daiichi plant. Both
initiatives could be risky to his career, given that his five
predecessors each survived in office less than 15 months.
Mr. Noda’s drive to switch on nuclear power has implications far
beyond Japan. It goes to the heart of a question that has troubled
people since the Three Mile Island accident in 1979: Can governments and
utilities be trusted to safely manage complex machines that split the
atom and capture the energy?
Nuclear power evokes suspicions that
run deeper than other technology hazards, social researchers say. In
today’s globalized digital universe, the scenes of chaos and fear at
Fukushima spread quickly. Germany decided to close eight of its 17
nuclear power plants. Although U.S. views of nuclear energy were not
shaken as dramatically, the need to build and sustain public confidence
can’t be taken for granted. In the fight against global warming, nuclear
power remains a vital low-carbon energy source and very well may be for
a long time to come.
In Japan, nuclear power generated about 30
percent of the electricity supply before the disaster. Years of public
relations by government and industry had left people convinced it was
safe and necessary. More than eight in 10 Japanese favored in a 2005
poll building more nuclear plants or maintaining the existing ones. Now
that support has crumbled. In a
survey taken
in Japan by the Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project and
published this month, 70 percent of respondents said that the country
should reduce its reliance on nuclear energy. Eighty percent said that
the government has done a poor job dealing with the Fukushima crisis.
These
feelings are an understandable response to the shock of the March 11,
2011, earthquake and tsunami. But they also stem from inexcusable
missteps by the government in failing to fully inform people of the
radiation dangers as the crisis unfolded. Thousands of Japanese fled in
the same direction as winds were carrying radiation emissions. Data
about the emissions existed but were not disseminated in a timely way.
No wonder people are still angry.
Japan has begun to address the
mistrust with legislation to overhaul the nuclear regulatory agencies
and with revised safety standards. In recent days, Mr. Noda has decided
to restart two of the 50 commercial Japanese reactors taken offline for
inspection after Fukushima, but he faces great skepticism. The Three
Mile Island meltdown and Chernobyl disaster showed that, once lost,
public trust is extremely hard to regain. Even in closed societies, a
nuclear accident cannot be hushed up, as Mikhail Gorbachev discovered
after Chernobyl. A lesson of all three accidents is that if nuclear
energy is to have a sustainable future, a foundation of public
confidence is essential. Splitting the atom must be done with care — and
candor.