For
the second time, Russian news sources have reported an incident at a
Ukrainian nuclear plant as a much more serious event than it actually
was.
The first time this happened is documented by a post I made for the American Nuclear Society;
this time, a house load transformer at Zaporizhzhya Unit 6 was the
culprit, causing the unit to reduce power to 10 percent and come off the
grid. The unit was back up quickly with no negative effects to anyone
inside or outside the plant.
Since it would appear that these
news outlets will continue to misrepresent events at this (and perhaps
other) Ukrainian nuclear plants, I've decided to construct a post that
will give quick links to resources you can use yourself to check on
conditions of Ukraine's nuclear plants.
Ukraine's Nuclear PlantsThe
operator of Ukraine's nuclear plants, all of which date originally from
the days of the former Soviet Union, is Energoatom.
Its home page in English is here.
There
are four nuclear power stations in Ukraine; the one in the news
recently and largest in Europe is the massive Zaporizhzhya NPP; Rivne
NPP, South Ukraine NPP and Khmelnytska NPP round out the fleet.
•Rivne NPP
(sometimes seen as "Rivno") is the oldest of the sites. The site was
originally named the "West Ukraine" NPP and began construction in 1973
with two units of type VVER-440. These plants were constructed using
the updated (1974) V-213 plant design that had vastly improved
containment as compared to the older V-230 plant design, and Units 1 and
2 came on line in 1980 and 1981. The site was expanded by two
VVER-1000 plants, units 3 and 4 which came on line in 2004 and 2006
respectively after a construction hiatus. A planned fifth unit, also a
VVER-1000 was never built. All four units continue in operation today.
•
South Ukraine NPP
is actually part of an enormous energy center called the "South Ukraine
Power Complex," which includes not only the nuclear plant but a large
pumped storage power plant and a hydro-electric station. South Ukraine
NPP is a three unit plant with Units 1, 2 and 3 being VVER-1000 type.
Originally planned as a two unit station. The units came on line in
1982, 1985 and 1989 and work together with the Tashlyk Hydro Pumped
Storage Power Plant and the Olexandrivska Hydro Power Plant in providing
energy for the area. (The combination of the nuclear plant and pumped
storage plant is mentioned in
this post on load following nuclear plants.)
•Zaporizhzhya NPP
(sometimes seen as "Zaporizhia" or "Zaporozhye") was ordered in 1977,
began construction in 1979 and is Ukraine's (and Europe's) largest
nuclear plant. The site houses six VVER-1000 reactor plants, Units 1
through 6 which came on line between 1984 and 1995 and also houses a
large, dry, above ground spent fuel facility placed in operation in
2004.
This plant has its own website.
•Khmelnystska NPP
(sometimes seen as "Khmelnitskaya") is presently a two unit nuclear
station with two operating VVER-1000 nuclear plants, Units 1 and 2 which
came on line in 1987 and 2004 - the second unit being held up by the
general Ukrainian nuclear construction moratorium 1991-1993. Two
further units, Units 3 and 4 are partially complete on the site (75% and
28% respectively) and Energoatom plans to complete these plants in the
future (although no completion date is given on the company's website.)
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-Ukrainian nuclear regulatorUkraine's regulator is the State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine; its
English language website is located here. News items are available as they're translated.
-Ukrainian nuclear plant statusThe status of Ukraine's nuclear plants is
updated daily at this link. Click on the most recent date.
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Energoatom's
Press Center in English is here.
Energoatom has a wonderful
photo gallery here that nuclear communicators may wish to access.
The
above links and information should give nuclear communicators what they
need to find the truth, quickly, in the case of further misleading
stories about nuclear plants in the Ukraine.
I welcome the inclusion of further links readers may wish to provide.
Sources consulted include "Soviet Nuclear Power Plants," David Katsman, Delphic Associates 1986 1:15 PM Eastern 1/2/2015
ATOMIC POWER REVIEW
•••••••••••••••••••••
Additional Information for reference - updated 4 PM 1/2/2015
Zaporizhzhya
NPP events at Unit 3 on November 28, 2014 and at Unit 6 on December 28,
2014 both were related to the "house power transformers" at the units
-- transformers that supply power to the many electrical loads inside
the nuclear plants themselves if the turbine generator is not operable
or trips. In the case of the
November 28 event, Unit 3 shut down at
19:54
hours safely and was back on the grid on December 6. In the case of
the December 28 event, Unit 6 took its generator off the grid at
05:50 hours but did not experience a reactor trip (scram, or shutdown) and returned its generator to the grid at
22:35 hours the same day.
Unit 3 event press release by Energoatom
Unit 3 event press release from IAEAUnit 6 event press release from Ukraine nuclear regulatorThe event on
28 November
has been rated by IAEA as INES Level 0 (zero.) That on December 28 has
not yet been rated by IAEA but is an almost identical circumstance and
can be expected as 0.