Importants for the manufacturers to implement radiation hardening techniques

Radiation hardening is a process in which the electronic components and semiconductors are made resistant to malfunctions caused due to electromagnetic radiation and particle radiation. These radiations are classified under ionizing radiation and they generally occur at high altitude, outer space, nuclear reactors and during nuclear warfare and nuclear accidents. Majority of the semiconductors and electronic components are vulnerable to such radiation effects; thus, to reduce the susceptibility, the manufacturing and designing of these semiconductors and electronic components is varied from their non-hardened counterparts. However, owing to the extensive cost involved in testing and developing radiation-tolerant designs of microelectronic chip, the radiation-hardened electronic and semiconductors have a propensity to lag behind in terms of recent developments. Radiation-hardened electronics and semiconductors are tested using several resultant effect tests such as total ionizing dose, neutron and proton displacement damage, single event effects and enhanced low dose rate effects.
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