Review of Emerging Resources: U.S. Shale Gas and Shale Oil Plays
is a report from the Energy Information Administration explains the use
of horizontal drilling in conjunction with hydraulic fracturing has
greatly expanded the ability of producers to profitably recover natural
gas and oil from low-permeability geologic plays—particularly, shale
plays. Application of fracturing techniques to stimulate oil and gas
production began to grow rapidly in the 1950s, although experimentation
dates back to the 19th century. Starting in the mid-1970s, a partnership
of private operators, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and
predecessor agencies, and the Gas Research Institute (GRI) endeavored to
develop technologies for the commercial production of natural gas from
the relatively shallow Devonian (Huron) shale in the eastern United
States. This partnership helped foster technologies that eventually
became crucial to the production of natural gas from shale rock,
including horizontal wells, multi-stage fracturing, and slick-water
fracturing
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